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Jumlah Penduduk Dunia 2011

Jumlah penduduk dunia (update jam 15.47 UTC 02 Agustus 2011) menurut IDB (International Data Base) Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat adalah : 6,952,939,682 jiwa.

Sepuluh besar negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar adalah :

1	China	1,336,718,015
2	India	1,189,172,906
3	United States	311,050,977
4	Indonesia	245,613,043
5	Brazil	203,429,773
6	Pakistan	187,342,721
7	Nigeria	165,822,569
8	Bangladesh	158,570,535
9	Russia	138,739,892
10	Japan	127,469,543

Daftar selengkapnya negara / wilayah dan jumlah penduduk diurutkan dari yang terbanyak adalah :

Ranking	Negara/Wilayah	Populasi
1	China	1,336,718,015
2	India	1,189,172,906
3	United States	311,050,977
4	Indonesia	245,613,043
5	Brazil	203,429,773
6	Pakistan	187,342,721
7	Nigeria	165,822,569
8	Bangladesh	158,570,535
9	Russia	138,739,892
10	Japan	127,469,543
11	Mexico	113,724,226
12	Philippines	101,833,938
13	Ethiopia	90,873,739
14	Vietnam	90,549,390
15	Egypt	82,079,636
16	Germany	81,471,834
17	Turkey	78,785,548
18	Iran	77,891,220
19	Congo (Kinshasa)	71,712,867
20	Thailand	66,720,153
21	France	65,102,719
22	United Kingdom	62,698,362
23	Italy	61,016,804
24	Burma	53,999,804
25	South Africa	49,004,031
26	Korea, South	48,754,657
27	Spain	46,754,784
28	Ukraine	45,134,707
29	Sudan	45,047,502
30	Colombia	44,725,543
31	Tanzania	42,746,620
32	Kenya	41,943,504
33	Argentina	41,769,726
34	Poland	38,441,588
35	Algeria	34,994,937
36	Uganda	34,612,250
37	Canada	34,030,589
38	Morocco	31,968,361
39	Iraq	30,399,572
40	Afghanistan	29,757,566
41	Nepal	29,391,883
42	Peru	29,248,943
43	Malaysia	28,728,607
44	Uzbekistan	28,128,600
45	Venezuela	27,635,743
46	Saudi Arabia	26,131,703
47	Ghana	24,791,073
48	Korea, North	24,457,492
49	Yemen	24,133,492
50	Taiwan	23,071,779
51	Mozambique	22,948,858
52	Syria	22,517,750
53	Madagascar	21,926,221
54	Romania	21,904,551
55	Australia	21,766,711
56	Cote d’Ivoire	21,504,162
57	Sri Lanka	21,283,913
58	Cameroon	19,711,291
59	Angola	17,544,728
60	Kazakhstan	17,304,513
61	Chile	16,888,760
62	Burkina Faso	16,751,455
63	Netherlands	16,653,734
64	Niger	16,468,886
65	Malawi	15,879,252
66	Ecuador	15,007,343
67	Cambodia	14,701,717
68	Mali	14,159,904
69	Zambia	13,881,336
70	Guatemala	13,824,463
71	Senegal	12,643,799
72	Zimbabwe	12,084,304
73	Rwanda	11,370,425
74	Cuba	11,087,330
75	Portugal	10,760,305
76	Greece	10,760,136
77	Chad	10,758,945
78	Tunisia	10,629,186
79	Guinea	10,601,009
80	Belgium	10,431,477
81	Burundi	10,216,190
82	Czech Republic	10,190,213
83	Bolivia	10,118,683
84	Hungary	9,976,062
85	Dominican Republic	9,956,648
86	Somalia	9,925,640
87	Haiti	9,719,932
88	Belarus	9,577,552
89	Azerbaijan	9,397,279
90	Benin	9,325,032
91	Sweden	9,088,728
92	Austria	8,217,280
93	Honduras	8,143,564
94	Switzerland	7,639,961
95	Tajikistan	7,627,200
96	Israel	7,473,052
97	Serbia	7,310,555
98	Hong Kong	7,122,508
99	Bulgaria	7,093,635
100	Togo	6,771,993
101	Libya	6,597,960
102	Jordan	6,508,271
103	Laos	6,477,211
104	Paraguay	6,459,058
105	Papua New Guinea	6,187,591
106	El Salvador	6,071,774
107	Eritrea	5,939,484
108	Nicaragua	5,666,301
109	Kyrgyzstan	5,587,443
110	Denmark	5,529,888
111	Slovakia	5,477,038
112	Sierra Leone	5,363,669
113	Finland	5,259,250
114	Singapore	5,246,787
115	United Arab Emirates	5,148,664
116	Turkmenistan	4,997,503
117	Central African Republic	4,950,027
118	Norway	4,691,849
119	Ireland	4,670,976
120	Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,622,163
121	Georgia	4,585,874
122	Costa Rica	4,576,562
123	Croatia	4,483,804
124	New Zealand	4,290,347
125	Congo (Brazzaville)	4,243,929
126	Lebanon	4,143,101
127	Puerto Rico	3,989,133
128	Liberia	3,786,764
129	Moldova	3,694,121
130	Lithuania	3,535,547
131	Panama	3,460,462
132	Uruguay	3,308,535
133	Mauritania	3,281,634
134	Mongolia	3,133,318
135	Oman	3,027,959
136	Albania	2,994,667
137	Armenia	2,967,975
138	Jamaica	2,868,380
139	Kuwait	2,595,628
140	West Bank	2,568,555
141	Latvia	2,204,708
142	Namibia	2,147,585
143	Macedonia	2,077,328
144	Botswana	2,065,398
145	Slovenia	2,000,092
146	Lesotho	1,924,886
147	Qatar	1,849,257
148	Kosovo	1,825,632
149	Gambia, The	1,797,860
150	Gaza Strip	1,657,155
151	Guinea-Bissau	1,596,677
152	Gabon	1,576,665
153	Swaziland	1,370,424
154	Mauritius	1,303,717
155	Estonia	1,282,963
156	Trinidad and Tobago	1,227,505
157	Bahrain	1,214,705
158	Timor-Leste	1,177,834
159	Cyprus	1,120,489
160	Fiji	883,125
161	Djibouti	757,074
162	Guyana	744,768
163	Comoros	721,886
164	Bhutan	708,427
165	Equatorial Guinea	668,225
166	Montenegro	661,807
167	Macau	573,003
168	Solomon Islands	571,890
169	Suriname	553,159
170	Cape Verde	516,100
171	Western Sahara	507,160
172	Luxembourg	503,302
173	Malta	408,333
174	Brunei	401,890
175	Maldives	394,999
176	Belize	321,115
177	Bahamas, The	313,312
178	Iceland	311,058
179	Barbados	286,705
180	French Polynesia	271,687
181	New Caledonia	256,275
182	Vanuatu	224,564
183	Mayotte	209,530
184	Samoa	193,161
185	Guam	183,286
186	Sao Tome and Principe	179,506
187	Saint Lucia	161,557
188	Curacao	144,688
189	Virgin Islands, U.S.	109,666
190	Grenada	108,419
191	Micronesia, Federated States of	106,836
192	Aruba	106,113
193	Tonga	105,916
194	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	103,869
195	Kiribati	100,743
196	Jersey	94,161
197	Seychelles	89,188
198	Antigua and Barbuda	87,884
199	Andorra	84,825
200	Isle of Man	84,655
201	Dominica	72,969
202	Bermuda	68,679
203	American Samoa	67,242
204	Marshall Islands	67,182
205	Guernsey	65,068
206	Greenland	57,670
207	Cayman Islands	51,384
208	Saint Kitts and Nevis	50,314
209	Faroe Islands	49,267
210	Northern Mariana Islands	46,050
211	Turks and Caicos Islands	44,819
212	Sint Maarten	38,486
213	Liechtenstein	36,422
214	San Marino	31,817
215	Saint Martin	30,615
216	Monaco	30,539
217	Virgin Islands, British	30,391
218	Gibraltar	28,956
219	Palau	20,956
220	Wallis and Futuna	15,398
221	Anguilla	15,094
222	Cook Islands	11,124
223	Tuvalu	10,544
224	Nauru	9,322
225	Saint Helena	7,700
226	Saint Barthelemy	7,367
227	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	5,888
228	Montserrat	5,140

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Sumber : Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat, Divisi Populasi
Referensi lain dapat ditelusuri populationmondiale , wikipedia/Penduduk dan www.un.org

Siklus Hidup Aurelia aurita

Description & Behavior

Moon jellyfishes, Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758), aka saucer jellies, moon jellies and common sea jellies, range between 5-40 cm in diameter. They can be recognized by their delicate and exquisite coloration, often in patterns of spots and streaks. Their behavior depends on a number of external conditions, in particular, food supply. Aurelia swim by pulsations of the bell-shaped upper part of the animal. Swimming mostly functions to keep the animal near the surface of the water rather than to make progress through the water. They swim horizontally, keeping the bell near the surface at all times. This allows the tentacles to be spread over the largest possible area, in order to better catch food. The coronal muscle allows the animal to pulsate in order to move. Impulses to contract are sent by way of the subumbrellar nerve net and are nervous in origin. The moon jelly has rhopalial centers, which allow it to control the pulsations. As the oxygen rate in the water goes down, so too does the respiratory rate of the jellyfish.

World Range & Habitat

Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean: Aurelia aurita are found near the coast, in mostly warm and tropical waters (but they can withstand temperatures as low as -6 °C and as high as 31 °C). They are prevalent in both inshore seas and oceans. Their habitat includes the coastal waters of all zones and they occur in huge numbers. They are known to live in brackish waters with as low a salt content as 0.6%. Decreased salinity in the water diminishes the bell curvature and vice versa. An optimum temperature for the animals is 9-19 °C. Biomes: reef, tropical coastal, freshwater lake.

Feeding Behavior (Ecology)

The moon jelly is carnivorous and feeds on zooplankton. Their primary foods include small plankton organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, tunicate larvae, copepods, rotifers, nematodes, young polychaetes, protozoans, diatoms and eggs. They have also been observed eating small hydromedusae and ctenophores . These foods collect chiefly on the surface of the animal, where they become entangled in mucus. Food items are then passed on to the margins by flagellar action, where they collect on the lappets. They are then moved, again by flagellar currents, along eight separate canals, which are unique to this species of jellyfish. These canals branch off and run into the stomach.

Life History

Sexual maturity in Aurelia aurita commonly occurs in the spring and summer. Their eggs develop in gonads located in pockets formed by the frills of the oral arms. Their gonads are commonly the most recognizable part of the animal, because of their deep and conspicuous coloration. Their gonads lie near the bottom of the stomach. Males and females are distinct and reproduction is sexual.

sumber : http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=231